{"id":465,"date":"2026-07-03T11:50:29","date_gmt":"2026-07-03T11:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/?p=465"},"modified":"2026-07-03T12:13:43","modified_gmt":"2026-07-03T12:13:43","slug":"turk-toplumunun-kanayan-yarasi-kadinlardan-miras-kacirilmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/2026\/07\/03\/turk-toplumunun-kanayan-yarasi-kadinlardan-miras-kacirilmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk Toplumunun Kanayan yaras\u0131: Kad\u0131nlardan Miras Ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu hafta ele alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konu \u201c T\u00fcrk toplumunda kad\u0131nlardan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan miras ve m\u00fclkiyet \u201c \u2026. Bu konuda Ankara Barosu Avukatlar\u0131ndan Ya\u015far Karamahmuto\u011flu \u2018nun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine yer verece\u011fiz.Konuya getirece\u011fi hukuki bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve teknik de\u011ferlendirmelerden \u00f6nce okuyucular\u0131m\u0131za kendini tan\u0131tmak yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Av. Dr. Ya\u015far Karamahmuto\u011flu, m\u00fclkiyet, gayrimenkul ve miras hukuku alanlar\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f k\u0131demli bir T\u00fcrk avukat, eski emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ve i\u015f insan\u0131d\u0131r. Ankara’da kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Karamahmuto\u011flu Avukatl\u0131k Ofisi’nin kurucusu olarak mesleki faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi’nden mezun olan Karamahmuto\u011flu Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fak\u00fcltesi’nde Kamu Y\u00f6netimi ve Siyaset Bilimi dal\u0131nda y\u00fcksek lisans yapm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye ve Ortado\u011fu Amme \u0130daresi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde (TODA\u0130E) Kamu Y\u00f6netimi Uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 masteri yapm\u0131\u015f , Doktora e\u011fitimini ise Dublin\u2019de yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1981 – 2003 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcnyesinde (Chief of Police) olarak uzun y\u0131llar Interpol, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi (A\u0130HM) b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli hukuki ve idari g\u00f6revlerde bulunmu\u015ftur.Miras ve Gayrimenkul Hukuku alan\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar nedeniyle \u00e7e\u015fitli kurulu\u015flarca yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmelerde Y\u0131l\u0131n avukat\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcllerine lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen Karamahmuto\u011flu 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara Ticaret Odas\u0131 (ATO) ve Protokol Medya ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen de\u011ferlendirmelerde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 muvazaal\u0131 (h\u00fclleli) miras kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar nedeniyle “Y\u0131l\u0131n Avukat\u0131” se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.Aslen Afyonkarahisar’\u0131n Emirda\u011f il\u00e7esinden olan Karamahmuto\u011flu, 2 \u00e7ocuk babas\u0131 olup \u00e7ok iyi derecede \u0130ngilizce ve Frans\u0131zca bilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\t \t1. Gelenekten Hukuka: K\u0131z \u00c7ocuklar\u0131ndan Mal Ka\u00e7\u0131rma ve Muris Muvazaas\u0131 Sorunu \t <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\tMuris Muvazaas\u0131 Kavram\u0131 ve Hukuki Niteli\u011fi Muris muvazaas\u0131, miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n (murisin), miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekte ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamak istedi\u011fi bir mal\u0131 tapuda sat\u0131\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar bakma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi veya ba\u015fka bir ivazl\u0131 i\u015flem gibi g\u00f6stererek devretmesi \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan nispi muvazaa t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Muris muvazaas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde yap\u0131lan i\u015flem ile taraflar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek iradesi birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Taraflar d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya kar\u015f\u0131 bir sat\u0131\u015f veya ivazl\u0131 i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc vermekte; ancak kendi aralar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekte ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu nedenle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki i\u015flem taraflar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek iradesini yans\u0131tmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir baba, sahip oldu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 o\u011fluna tapuda sat\u0131\u015f yoluyla devretmekte, ancak ger\u00e7ekte herhangi bir sat\u0131\u015f bedeli almamakta ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamak istemektedir. Bu durumda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki i\u015flem sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, gizli i\u015flem ise ba\u011f\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Murisin as\u0131l amac\u0131 ise di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ileride bu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde miras hakk\u0131 elde etmelerini engellemektir. T\u00fcrk hukukunda muris muvazaas\u0131n\u0131n hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131, muvazaa kurumuna ili\u015fkin genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler ile Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulunun 01.04.1974 tarih ve 1\/2 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu kararda, miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekte ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f veya \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar bakma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi gibi g\u00f6stermesi halinde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin muvazaa nedeniyle kesin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\t <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\tMuris Muvazaas\u0131nda Ba\u015fvurulacak Dava T\u00fcrleri Muris muvazaas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde miras hakk\u0131 ihlal edilen miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitli dava t\u00fcrleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131lacak davan\u0131n niteli\u011fi, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu i\u015flemin t\u00fcr\u00fcne, dava konusu malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hukuki durumuna ve davac\u0131n\u0131n talebine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermektedir. \t <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\tA. Tapu \u0130ptali ve Tescil Davas\u0131 Muris muvazaas\u0131na dayal\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda en s\u0131k ba\u015fvurulan dava t\u00fcr\u00fc tapu iptali ve tescil davas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu davada davac\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131, murisin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki sat\u0131\u015f veya ba\u015fka bir ivazl\u0131 i\u015flemin ger\u00e7ekte ba\u011f\u0131\u015f niteli\u011finde oldu\u011funu ve i\u015flemin miras\u00e7\u0131lardan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rma amac\u0131yla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n yerle\u015fik uygulamas\u0131na g\u00f6re muris muvazaas\u0131n\u0131n ispat edilmesi h\u00e2linde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki s\u00f6zle\u015fme muvazaa nedeniyle h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz say\u0131l\u0131r. Gizli ba\u011f\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ise kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc resmi \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131na uyulmadan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011finden ge\u00e7ersiz kabul edilir. Bunun sonucu olarak dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tapu kayd\u0131n\u0131n iptaline ve miras paylar\u0131 oran\u0131nda davac\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilir. \t <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\tB. Tapu \u0130ptali ve Tescil M\u00fcmk\u00fcn De\u011filse Tazminat Davas\u0131 Baz\u0131 durumlarda muvazaal\u0131 olarak devredilen ta\u015f\u0131nmaz daha sonra iyi niyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere devredilmi\u015f olabilir. Bu h\u00e2lde ayni hakk\u0131n geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayabilir. \u00d6zellikle ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun iyi niyetli \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fileri koruyan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda korunmas\u0131 gereken bir ki\u015fiye devredilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda, miras\u00e7\u0131lar ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n aynen iadesi yerine bedelinin tahsilini talep edebilirler. \t <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\tC. Tereke Tespiti ve Delil Tespiti Talepleri Muris muvazaas\u0131na ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda \u00e7o\u011fu zaman murisin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasarruflar\u0131n kapsam\u0131 tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu nedenle miras\u00e7\u0131lar dava a\u00e7madan \u00f6nce veya dava s\u0131ras\u0131nda tereke tespiti talebinde bulunabilmektedir. Benzer \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n mevcut durumunun belirlenmesi, banka kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya belirli delillerin kaybolmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla delil tespiti yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu talepler ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir dava niteli\u011finde olmamakla birlikte, muris muvazaas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ana davan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. K\u0131z \u00c7ocuklar\u0131ndan Mal Ka\u00e7\u0131rma Olgusu: Hukuki Bir Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00d6tesinde Toplumsal Bir Ger\u00e7eklik Muris muvazaas\u0131na konu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131rken k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 miras d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Her ne kadar modern hukuk d\u00fczeni kad\u0131n ve erkek miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmese de toplumun baz\u0131 kesimlerinde k\u00f6kleri ge\u00e7mi\u015fe dayanan geleneksel anlay\u0131\u015flar etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Bu anlay\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re aile oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiren, topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyen veya aile soyad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan erkek \u00e7ocuklar malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal sahibi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte; k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ise evlenmek suretiyle ba\u015fka bir aileye kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Oysa bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu i\u00e7in miras hakk\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmak, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yaln\u0131zca ekonomik bir kay\u0131p anlam\u0131na gelmez. Y\u0131llarca ayn\u0131 evde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ayn\u0131 sofray\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n sevgisini karde\u015fleriyle e\u015fit \u015fekilde hissetti\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ya\u015fam\u0131n sonunda, kendisinin mirastan d\u0131\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek derin bir manevi k\u0131rg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bu durum, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n veya malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferinden daha a\u011f\u0131r bir duygusal y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mirastan d\u0131\u015flanan k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu, yaln\u0131zca maldan de\u011fil, aile i\u00e7erisindeki aidiyet duygusundan ve e\u015fit evlat olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclme hissinden de mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Uygulamada s\u0131kl\u0131kla rastlanan olaylarda, baba hayattayken sahip oldu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na devretmekte, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na ise “sen zaten evlendin”, “d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131m”, “\u00e7eyizini verdim”, “e\u015finin mal\u0131 var” gibi gerek\u00e7eler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Ancak bu gerek\u00e7eler hukuken miras hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek amac\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n mirastan pay almalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle t\u00fcm veya \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcdeki malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n erkek \u00e7ocuklara aktar\u0131lmas\u0131, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n mirastan fiilen yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, muris muvazaas\u0131 davalar\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rma amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen temlikler, yaln\u0131zca miras hukukunun teknik kurallar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda aile i\u00e7i adalet ve e\u015fitlik ilkeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Hukukun muris muvazaas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi koruma mekanizmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmeyi de\u011fil, miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki i\u015flemler arkas\u0131na saklanan ger\u00e7ek iradesini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ve miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki hakkaniyeti sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rma amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz devrinden veya ekonomik tercihten ibaret de\u011fildir. Bu i\u015flemler, aile i\u00e7erisindeki e\u015fitlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyen, karde\u015fler aras\u0131nda derin k\u0131rg\u0131nl\u0131klara yol a\u00e7an ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren davalar\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan tasarruflard\u0131r. Muris muvazaas\u0131 davalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnde de \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yaln\u0131zca bir m\u00fclkiyet uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil; bir evlad\u0131n, ailesi i\u00e7inde kendisine tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken e\u015fit de\u011ferin hukuken yeniden tesis edilmesi aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n miras paylar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak veya tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u015flemler, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hukuken ge\u00e7erli bir i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle muris muvazaas\u0131 davalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki i\u015flem ile murisin ger\u00e7ek iradesi aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \t <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\tYarg\u0131tay Uygulamas\u0131nda K\u0131z \u00c7ocuklar\u0131ndan Mal Ka\u00e7\u0131rma ve Y\u00f6resel Geleneklerin Etkisi Muris muvazaas\u0131 davalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131, miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 mirastan mahrum b\u0131rakmak veya onlar\u0131n miras paylar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi temliklerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde ve geleneksel aile yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu \u00e7evrelerde, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n erkek \u00e7ocuklara b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n halen etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re muris muvazaas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken yaln\u0131zca tapu kay\u0131tlar\u0131 veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \u015fekli de\u011fil; murisin aile ili\u015fkileri, ekonomik durumu, temlik tarihindeki ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131, taraflar\u0131n \u00f6deme g\u00fc\u00e7leri ve en \u00f6nemlisi y\u00f6resel \u00f6rf ve adetler birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc baz\u0131 durumlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte sat\u0131\u015f olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen i\u015flemler, ger\u00e7ekte “k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na mal verilmez”, “erkek evlat oca\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr”, “k\u0131z evlenirken pay\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r” \u015feklindeki geleneksel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin hukuki bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kazanm\u0131\u015f h\u00e2lidir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fik kararlar\u0131nda; davac\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z \u00e7ocuk, daval\u0131lar\u0131n ise erkek \u00e7ocuk ve erkek torun oldu\u011fu, murisin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 satmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek ekonomik bir ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6sterilen sat\u0131\u015f bedeli ile ger\u00e7ek de\u011fer aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck fark oldu\u011fu ve y\u00f6resel adetler gere\u011fince erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn tutuldu\u011fu hususlar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek i\u015flemin miras\u00e7\u0131dan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rma ama\u00e7l\u0131 ve muvazaal\u0131 oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir. Kararda \u00f6zellikle “y\u00f6resel adetler gere\u011fi o\u011flan ve o\u011flandan olma torunun \u00fcst\u00fcn tutuldu\u011fu” olgusu muvazaan\u0131n tespitinde \u00f6nemli bir emare olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, murisin o\u011fullar\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc temliklerin ger\u00e7ekte k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rma amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hukuk Genel Kurulu, muris muvazaas\u0131n\u0131n temel unsurunun miras\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 miras hakk\u0131ndan yoksun b\u0131rakma amac\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015f; g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde sat\u0131\u015f olarak yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin ger\u00e7ekte ba\u011f\u0131\u015f niteli\u011finde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm deliller birlikte de\u011ferlendirilerek belirlenmesi gerekti\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir. Yak\u0131n tarihli bir Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda, murisin sahip oldu\u011fu malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131 erkek evlad\u0131na devretmesi, k\u0131z evlad\u0131n ise fiilen mirastan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 muris muvazaas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6stergelerinden biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Kararda, miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ekonomik de\u011ferleri tek erkek \u00e7ocuk \u00fczerinde toplamas\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi ve ger\u00e7ek iradenin miras\u00e7\u0131dan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rma amac\u0131na i\u015faret etti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle Yarg\u0131tay, muris muvazaas\u0131na ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki i\u015flemin arkas\u0131ndaki toplumsal ve ailevi dinamikleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmakta; \u00f6zellikle k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rf cinsiyetleri nedeniyle mirastan d\u0131\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda i\u015flemin ger\u00e7ek niteli\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece muris muvazaas\u0131 kurumu, yaln\u0131zca miras hukukunun teknik bir m\u00fcessesesi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kmakta; aile i\u00e7i e\u015fitli\u011fin ve miras hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na hizmet eden \u00f6nemli bir hukuki g\u00fcvence i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\t \t2. Soy Ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130spat\u0131nda N\u00fcfus Kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6tesi: TMK m. 30’un Uygulama Alan\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’nun 30. maddesi, do\u011frudan soy ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcm olmamakla birlikte, n\u00fcfus sicilindeki kay\u0131tlar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi ve ger\u00e7ek durumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n eksik, hatal\u0131 veya hi\u00e7 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski tarihli olaylarda, ki\u015fisel durumlar\u0131n ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131k ili\u015fkisinin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan temel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu 30. Madde h\u00fckm\u00fcn g\u00f6re “Do\u011fum ve \u00f6l\u00fcm n\u00fcfus siciline kaydedilmemi\u015f veya yanl\u0131\u015f kaydedilmi\u015fse, ger\u00e7ek durum her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat edilebilir.” Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmden hareketle \u00f6\u011freti ve Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131, n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda ki\u015fisel durumlar\u0131n ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak soy ili\u015fkisinin yaln\u0131zca n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kal\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n ispat edilebilece\u011fini kabul etmektedir. \u00d6zellikle Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminden kalan kay\u0131tlar\u0131n eksik olmas\u0131, n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 veya aile k\u00fct\u00fcklerinde kopukluklar bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle miras davalar\u0131nda soy ili\u015fkisinin ispat\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00f6zel \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda mahkemeler; n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 n\u00fcfus defterlerini, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi \u015fer\u2019iyye sicil kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131, temettuat ve tahrir kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131, tapu sicil kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131, veraset belgelerini, askerlik kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131, mahkeme ilamlar\u0131n\u0131, muhtarl\u0131k kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131, mezarl\u0131k kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131, aile \u015fecerelerini, foto\u011fraflar\u0131 ve aile belgelerini birlikte de\u011ferlendirerek soy ili\u015fkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit edebilmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n yerle\u015fik uygulamas\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00f6zellikle eski tarihli n\u00fcfus olaylar\u0131nda soy ba\u011f\u0131 ve h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131k ili\u015fkisinin yaln\u0131zca n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131yla ispat\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu tutulmas\u0131 hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rabilece\u011finden, h\u00e2kim olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delili de\u011ferlendirmelidir. \t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\tT\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu m. 30’un Miras Davalar\u0131ndaki \u00d6nemi Muris muvazaas\u0131, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi, tapu iptali ve tescil veya veraset davalar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u015fu sorun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r: Miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n n\u00fcfus kayd\u0131 ile dava a\u00e7an ki\u015finin n\u00fcfus kayd\u0131 aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulamamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde do\u011fmu\u015f ki\u015filer, ge\u00e7 n\u00fcfusa yaz\u0131lan ki\u015filer, Soyad\u0131 Kanunu \u00f6ncesi kay\u0131tlar, lakap ve aile ad\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve isk\u00e2n nedeniyle olu\u015fan kay\u0131t eksiklikleri sebebiyle soy ili\u015fkisi n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131lmayabilmektedir. \t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\tBu gibi durumlarda TMK m. 30 uyar\u0131nca ger\u00e7ek durumun her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\tYarg\u0131tay’\u0131n Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda, n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kay\u0131tlar\u0131n hi\u00e7 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda mahkemelerin geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmektedir. \u00d6zellikle Hukuk Genel Kurulu ve 8. Hukuk Dairesinin bir\u00e7ok karar\u0131nda; “Ki\u015fisel durumlara ili\u015fkin ger\u00e7ek durumun her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispat edilebilece\u011fi” vurgulanm\u0131\u015f, h\u00e2kimin yaln\u0131zca n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131yla yetinmeyerek tarih\u00ee kay\u0131tlar, tan\u0131k anlat\u0131mlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer resm\u00ee belgeleri birlikte de\u011ferlendirmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. \t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\t3. Miras\u0131n Par\u00e7alad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar: \u00c7ok Hissedarl\u0131 M\u00fclkiyet ve R\u0131zai Taksim Sorunu T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00f6zellikle miras yoluyla intikal eden ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlardan biri, y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde artan hissedar say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan m\u00fclkiyet uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Bir zamanlar tek bir ki\u015fiye ait olan tarla, arsa veya bah\u00e7e; ku\u015faklar boyunca devam eden miras intikalleri sonucunda onlarca hatta y\u00fczlerce hissedara sahip h\u00e2le gelebilmektedir. Bu durum, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n etkin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda ciddi hukuki ihtilaflara da yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. \t <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\t\u00c7ok Hissedarl\u0131 M\u00fclkiyetin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin en yayg\u0131n sebebi miras yoluyla intikaldir. Miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n vefat\u0131yla birlikte ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta, sonraki ku\u015faklarda da bu paylar yeniden b\u00f6l\u00fcnmektedir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta birka\u00e7 hissedar\u0131 bulunan bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz zaman i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015finin ortak m\u00fclkiyetine konu h\u00e2line gelmektedir. \u00d6zellikle k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde, miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n y\u0131llarca resmi payla\u015f\u0131m yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 kullanmaya devam etmeleri, hissedar say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n giderek artmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. \t <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\t\u00c7ok Hissedarl\u0131 Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A. Kullan\u0131m Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette her payda\u015f ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00fczerinde pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda hak sahibidir. Ancak uygulamada \u00e7o\u011fu zaman baz\u0131 hissedarlar ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n belirli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini fiilen kullan\u0131rken di\u011fer hissedarlar kullan\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalabilmektedir. Bu durum; ecrimisil davalar\u0131na, m\u00fcdahalenin men’i davalar\u0131na, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi taleplerine neden olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B. Y\u00f6netim ve Tasarruf G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri \u00c7ok say\u0131da hissedar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda; kiralama, in\u015faat yap\u0131lmas\u0131, imar uygulamalar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131m, kat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015faat s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f i\u015flemleri \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hissedarlar aras\u0131nda uzla\u015fma sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 nedeniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilememektedir. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde bulunan de\u011ferli arsalar \u00fczerinde y\u0131llarca herhangi bir yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lamamas\u0131n\u0131n temel sebeplerinden biri hissedarlar aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klard\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C. Hisselerin A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Derecede K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi Miras yoluyla s\u00fcrekli b\u00f6l\u00fcnen paylar zamanla ekonomik de\u011ferini yitirecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclebilmektedir. Baz\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda pay oranlar\u0131n\u0131n binde bir, on binde bir hatta daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck seviyelere indi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durum hem ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ekonomik verimlili\u011fini azaltmakta hem de hukuki i\u015flemleri zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. D. Hissedarlar\u0131n Tespitindeki G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca resmi payla\u015f\u0131m yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 nedeniyle baz\u0131 hissedarlar\u0131n; vefat etmi\u015f olmas\u0131, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131, kimlik bilgilerinin g\u00fcncel olmamas\u0131, veraset i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc daha da karma\u015f\u0131k h\u00e2le getirmektedir. \t <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\t\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Yollar\u0131: Fiil\u00ee Taksim ve R\u0131zai Taksim Uygulamas\u0131 \u00c7ok hissedarl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda taraflar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman resmi bir payla\u015f\u0131m yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda kullan\u0131m d\u00fczeni olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131rlar. Buna uygulamada “fiil\u00ee taksim” denilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir tarla \u00fczerinde her karde\u015f y\u0131llard\u0131r belirli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ekip bi\u00e7iyor olabilir. Her ne kadar tapuda t\u00fcm hissedarlar ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n tamam\u0131na ortak g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de fiilen herkes kendi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmaktad\u0131r. Bunun bir ad\u0131m \u00f6tesinde ise payda\u015flar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131yla yap\u0131lan “r\u0131zai taksim” bulunmaktad\u0131r. R\u0131zai taksim, payl\u0131 veya elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetine konu bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n, payda\u015flar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve serbest iradeleriyle kendi aralar\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. \u00d6zellikle miras yoluyla intikal eden ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da hissedara sahip ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda, taraflar\u0131n mahkeme yoluna gitmeden ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n hangi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kimin kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeleri uygulamada s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir durumdur. R\u0131zai taksim, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman resmi bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015feklinde yap\u0131lmasa da payda\u015flar\u0131n uzun y\u0131llar boyunca belirli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri kullanmalar\u0131 ve bu kullan\u0131m d\u00fczenini benimsemeleri \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle uygulamada r\u0131zai taksim ile fiil\u00ee taksim kavramlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mektedir. \t <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\tR\u0131zai Taksimin \u015eekli Kanunda r\u0131zai taksime ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel bir \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle taraflar aras\u0131nda; yaz\u0131l\u0131 anla\u015fma, noter s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, k\u00f6y ihtiyar heyeti huzurunda yap\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m, tan\u0131klarla ispatlanabilen s\u00f6zl\u00fc anla\u015fma, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca s\u00fcregelen fiil\u00ee kullan\u0131m \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Ancak tapu sicilinde resmi bir ifraz veya taksim i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece m\u00fclkiyet hukuken payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmaz. Tapu kayd\u0131nda t\u00fcm hissedarlar payda\u015f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye devam eder. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, tapuda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen r\u0131zai taksim i\u015flemi, yaln\u0131zca bir payla\u015f\u0131m i\u015flemi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda uzun vadeli bir hukuki g\u00fcvenlik mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ortak m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkisinin sona erdirilmesi sayesinde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerindeki tasarruf serbestisi artmakta, aile i\u00e7i uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar azalmakta, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n ekonomik de\u011feri y\u00fckselmekte ve gelecekte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek dava riskleri \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ortadan kalkmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7ok hissedarl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda, payda\u015flar\u0131n uzla\u015farak resmi taksim yoluna gitmeleri hem hukuki hem de ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan en sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131ndan biridir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uygulamada ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir avantaj daha vard\u0131r: Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi davas\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmaz genellikle a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma ile sat\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ger\u00e7ek piyasa de\u011ferinin alt\u0131nda el de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Tapuda r\u0131zai taksim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ise aileye ait ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalmadan korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve her hissedar\u0131n kendi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fclkiyetini do\u011frudan elde etmesini sa\u011flar. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle r\u0131zai taksim, \u00f6zellikle miras kalan aile arazilerinin korunmas\u0131nda en etkili y\u00f6ntemlerden biridir. \t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\tR\u0131zai Taksimin Zorlu\u011fu Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda En \u00c7ok Ba\u015fvurulan Yol: Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Giderilmesi Davas\u0131 \u00c7ok hissedarl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda ideal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu, payda\u015flar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131 suretiyle r\u0131zai taksim yapmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak uygulamada, hissedar say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131, miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim sorunlar\u0131, farkl\u0131 ekonomik beklentiler ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n de\u011ferine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle r\u0131zai taksim her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle ortaklar\u0131n anla\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda en s\u0131k ba\u015fvurulan hukuki yol ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi (izale-i \u015f\u00fcyu) davas\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi (izale-i \u015f\u00fcyu) davas\u0131 sonunda mahkeme, ortak m\u00fclkiyeti iki farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle sona erdirebilir: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A.\tAynen Taksim (B\u00f6lerek Payla\u015fma) : Mal, de\u011fer kayb\u0131na u\u011framadan b\u00f6l\u00fcnebiliyorsa (\u00f6rne\u011fin; b\u00fcy\u00fck bir arazi veya tarlan\u0131n paylar oran\u0131nda ayr\u0131 tapulara b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi), mahkeme mal\u0131 fiziksel olarak par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rarak payda\u015flara da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B.\tSat\u0131\u015f Suretiyle Payla\u015fma : Mal\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi de\u011fer kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7acaksa veya payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda aynen taksim konusunda anla\u015fma sa\u011flanamazsa, mahkeme mal\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yoluyla sat\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verir. Sat\u0131\u015f bedeli, payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda sahip olduklar\u0131 hisseler oran\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi davalar\u0131 sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sat\u0131\u015flarda mevcut uygulamada, mahkemece sat\u0131\u015f karar\u0131 verilmesi h\u00e2linde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz kural olarak t\u00fcm ilgililerin ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma yoluyla sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, \u00f6zellikle miras yoluyla intikal eden aile ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n\u0131n ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisini sona erdirmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015flar sonucunda aile d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerin m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7mesine neden olabilmekte; miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n y\u0131llard\u0131r kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve aile b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilmektedir. \t<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\tOrtakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi ve 12. Yarg\u0131 Paketi Kamuoyunda “12. Yarg\u0131 Paketi” olarak bilinen ve Meclis Adalet Komisyonu’nda kabul edilerek yasala\u015fma s\u00fcrecine giren yeni d\u00fczenleme ile miras yoluyla intikal eden ve \u00fczerinde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere ait pay bulunmayan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlarda, sat\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinin ilk a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00f6nceli\u011fin miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek ihaleye verilmesi ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece miras\u00e7\u0131lara, aile malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce kendi aralar\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir imk\u00e2n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 hedeflenmektedir. \u0130lk a\u015famada miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesi h\u00e2linde ise genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin de kat\u0131labilece\u011fi sat\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecine ge\u00e7ilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonras\u0131 yasala\u015fmas\u0131 beklenen d\u00fczenleme ile; Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n miras yoluyla intikal etmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere ait m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde, ilk a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rman\u0131n yaln\u0131zca malik miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelmektedir. \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen sistemde ilk art\u0131rmada teklifin, belirlenen muhammen k\u0131ymetin tamam\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 getirilmektedir. Bu d\u00fczenleme ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tekliflerle ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz de\u011ferinin korunmas\u0131 hedeflenmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Bilirki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz de\u011feri 10 milyon TL olarak belirlenmi\u015fse, ilk art\u0131rmada miras\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak sat\u0131\u015fta 10 milyon TL’nin alt\u0131nda tekliflerle sat\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemeyecektir. <\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk art\u0131rmada yeterli teklif verilmemesi, muhammen bedelin kar\u015f\u0131lanmamas\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131 h\u00e2llerinde ikinci a\u015famaya ge\u00e7ilecektir. Bu a\u015famada sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re herkese a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f suretiyle giderilmesinde art\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lmak isteyen pay sahibinin pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda teminat yat\u0131rmaktan muaf olmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Uygulamada bir\u00e7ok soruna neden olan zaman zaman da teminat yat\u0131rmaman\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imtiyazdan yararlanarak fahi\u015f oranda en y\u00fcksek teklifi sunmak suretiyle ihalenin kendisinde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan pay sahibinin sonradan ihale bedelini \u00f6demeyerek ihalenin iptaline neden olabilmektedir. Gerek hesaplanmas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri gidermek, gerekse uzun bir yarg\u0131lama sonras\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na karar verilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli olarak engellenmesini \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla payl\u0131 veya elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetinde pay sahiplerinin de teminat yat\u0131rarak a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, ihale bedelini s\u00fcresinde yat\u0131rmayan al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n teminat\u0131n\u0131n iade edilmemesi ve teminat\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f giderleri ile hak sahiplerinin alacaklar\u0131na mahsup edilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yeni d\u00fczenleme ile cazip bir yol haline gelmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi davas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bir hukuki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sona erdirmez; \u00e7o\u011fu zaman y\u0131llard\u0131r aile i\u00e7erisinde korunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n gelece\u011fini de belirler. Bu nedenle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan her durumda payda\u015flar\u0131n uzla\u015fma yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aramalar\u0131 hem ekonomik de\u011ferlerin korunmas\u0131 hem de aile ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olacakt\u0131r. <\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu hafta ele alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konu \u201c T\u00fcrk toplumunda kad\u0131nlardan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan miras ve m\u00fclkiyet \u201c \u2026. Bu konuda Ankara Barosu Avukatlar\u0131ndan Ya\u015far Karamahmuto\u011flu \u2018nun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine yer verece\u011fiz.Konuya getirece\u011fi hukuki bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve teknik de\u011ferlendirmelerden \u00f6nce okuyucular\u0131m\u0131za kendini tan\u0131tmak yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Av. Dr. Ya\u015far Karamahmuto\u011flu, m\u00fclkiyet, gayrimenkul ve miras hukuku alanlar\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f k\u0131demli bir T\u00fcrk avukat, eski […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,1,40],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-465","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-genel","8":"category-kategorisiz","9":"category-yazarlar"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=465"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":472,"href":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/465\/revisions\/472"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/internewsaktuel.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}